The Sign On The Cross
Mark Smith
The Sign on
The Cross
Fundy Christians claim their Bible to be perfect, but as I see it, it keeps
jumping around as to the sign on the cross. The evidence is found within the
four gospels- four chances to get the story straight, and yet their Biblegod
blows it each time. Their New Testament has four “inspired”
gospels that cannot agree on the contents of one little sign
nailed (assuming they didn't lie about this as well) to the cross above the head
of Jesus, yet Fundies deny this massive piling of contradictions as being the
crashing of lies! Let’s compare all four “versions” together. You tell ME if
they are all exactly the same, as the Fundy’s seem to imply, or do you see the
same thing I see: four
different contradictory versions of the same supposed
little sign?
|
|
|
The Sign According to1
Saint Mark
|
|
The Sign According to2
Saint Luke
|
|
The Sign According to3
Saint Matthew
|
|
The Sign According to4
Saint John
|
|
|
1) Mark 15:26 2) Luke 23:38 3)
Matthew 27:37 4) John 19:19 |
EVOLUTION: Just
like a good fish story evolves into something larger with each telling, so also
these signs. Notice how the story grows- how it evolves- from the earliest
gospel (Mark) with the simplest sign, to the latest gospel (John) which has the most complex sign. This
coincides exactly with what we would expect with a false “fish story”- as the
years went by, the story grew and grew. Need I point out that real
truth, unlike a lie, unlike a fish story, unlike these signs in the four
gospels, real truth does not evolve; that 2+2=4 now and forever. Only a lie, a rumor, will grow larger
and more elaborate with each telling. The very fact that we can see the story
evolving, growing bigger thru the years, is powerful evidence of it being a lie,
a myth, and not being the truth.
CHANGES SUBSTANTIAL: It also needs to be pointed out
that the changes made by the Gospel authors to the supposed sign were
substantial. This is not just a simple case of word transposition.
Deceitful Christians over the years kept adding to the story, building it up.
Things like "Jesus of Nazareth" don't just get lost in the translation from
Latin to Greek. Someone added a name to the sign, others a city. Proper names
and cities of origin are not inconsequential
innocent additions- they constitute a major re-write! As for Christians trying
to quibble away the significance of the changes, saying that "it was no big
deal, just a word or two that was added or subtracted", actual bloody WARS have
been fought over differences such as these. And as for a "word or two" not
being of any importance, which Christian would like to stand up and say that in
regards to John 1:1, where Jehovah Witnesses and Christians have fought
for almost a hundred years over the addition / subtraction of the one little
word "a" in regards to was Jesus GOD
or merely "a" god??? Upon this one little word hangs the entire doctrine of the
Trinity, yet you can't get a smaller word than "a". An entire religion- The
Jehovah Witnesses- has been build upon that one little word.
Another line of reasoning to show the error of the Christian claim here: how
would they feel if "just a word or two" was changed during translation in a
legal real estate contract involving themselves that maybe doubled the cost or
changed the ownership of their house? Would they accept the Real Estate agent's
quibble that "a word or two" doesn't matter? Hell no! So then, it DOES appear
that "a word or two" can make quite a difference, doesn't it, Christian? The
fact is, we are told- point blank- exactly what was on that sign.
It's not my fault that each Gospel author made up a different version out of
thin air, thus resulting in contradictions. "Oh what a tangled web Gospel
authors weave, when at first they practice to deceive."
WHO MADE YOU THE JUDGE? Just because
you might not know the importance of a few words on a sign, doesn't give you the
right to amputate them, like doctors used to routinely amputate tonsils,
thinking they were not important. Who set you up as the judge and
jury as to what is or is not important in your Biblegod's Bible???
Biblegod apparently thought that whatever was on that sign was important enough
to be included in The New Testament. In fact, it's apparently more
important than a clear statement on abortion or birth control, because Biblegod
could have occupied the column inches of his book with these tidbits, but
instead ran with the sign info instead. Therefore, whatever was
included within the New Testament must be pretty damn important.
NO ROOM FOR VARIATIONS: IF there had been three
different messages on the sign recorded in three different languages, THEN the
gospels, when saying what was written on the one sign, would have said something
like "one of the titles on the sign said..." or "in Greek the sign said... while
in Hebrew the sign said...". But we don't find that. We find each Gospel author
coming straight out claiming to tell us what exactly was
written on that sign. Matthew says they put up a sign which read, then tells us
WHAT was read on the sign (Mt 27:37). Mark says THE inscription against him
read, and then tells us WHAT was read on the sign (Mk 15:26). Luke wrote there
was an inscription above Jesus, then tells us what it said (Lk 23:38). John is
the most specific. John writes that Pilate wrote an inscription, and then put
that inscription on the cross, then tells us via "it was written" exactly what
WAS written on that sign (Jn 19:19). There was no ambiguity about WHAT was
written on the sign. Therefore, there were no differences in substance
among the three translations. Each translation, when translated into another
language, must have said EXACTLY the same thing- at least that's what the gospel
authors hoped to fool people into thinking.
NO EVIDENCE OF VARIATION Where exactly is the
evidence anyway that supports the contention that each language contained
different information from the other languages? Where is the evidence that each
language contained unique information? There isn't any!!! Once
again, we see Christians not hesitating to base theological conclusions upon
hypothetical assumptions, IF that is what's needed to save
their dogma and traditions. But however much the Christians desire to defend the
errors of their religion, in the court of human reason conjectures and wishful
thinking are NOT admissible. Just because you want to explain away a
contradiction does NOT give you the right to make up "evidence" out of thin air.
No evidence? Then no argument. Case closed.
ONLY ONE LANGUAGE ON THE SIGN WAS USED: All
three Gospels, when they gave their supposed version of the sign's content, all
three Gospels were using the same language from the sign. How do I know this? I
know this because everywhere else in the Gospels, when a "foreign" phrase or
piece of writing is given, it is always specified as being a translation. For
example, when Jesus cried out on the cross , it specifically says he cried out
in Aramaic, and then the translation is given.
FAULTY
TRANSLATIONS UNLIKELY: The Christian claim that faulty
translations are to blame for the contradictions is unlikely. Finding a good
translator in Israel at that time would not have been difficult. Many of the
people, in fact, were already bi, if not tri, lingual. Israel had been occupied
by Greece, and then by Rome, for a long time before the supposed crucifixion of
Jesus. Just as in Quebec, Canada and parts of modern Europe the people grow up
speaking two or three languages, thus also in Israel of that time. Even Pilate-
the man that ordered the sign to be posted in the first place- was able to
converse with Jesus without the aid of a translator. Likewise the mob of priests
who complained to Pilate about the sign, and demanded the content of the sign be
changed- they didn't use a translator. In fact, the sign having been personally
ordered by the Roman governor Pontius Pilate himself, the likelihood of the
Roman soldier screwing up the sign to the extent that the Christians (without
one shred of evidence) claim he did is non-existent.
PONTIUS PILATE HIMSELF ORDERED THE SIGN:
Pilate himself- personally- commanded exactly, word for word, what was to be
written on the sign. Does anyone in their right mind think for one moment that a
Roman soldier- having been given a direct order by the
Roman military governor as to what was to go on the sign- does anyone think this
soldier would have risked his life in a fit of poetic license to the extent the
Christian "explanation" requires??? This soldier would not have changed a thing.
Even the priests themselves tried to change the contents of the sign- and failed
to persuade Pilate- how much more so a lowly soldier? Believe me- each language
on the sign said exactly the same thing.
NO COMPLAINTS ABOUT TRANSLATION: The priests who
complained to Pilate about the contents of the sign did NOT complain about the
translations
being faulty, but rather at the contents of the three
translations. Therefore the translations must have had no problems or else the
only people who did complain about the sign would
have complained about the translations.
MODERN EXAMPLE:
Picture a Christian who currently lives in a multi-lingual area of the country,
such as southern California, New York City, Chicago etc, who orders business
cards in three languages for his business. This Christian businessman would not
for a moment buy from the printer the kind of translational variations on his
business cards that Christian excuse-makers try to get us to buy from the Gospel
stories. For our example, let's use a Los Angeles Christian businessman who
orders ten thousand business cards, each card done up in English, Spanish, and
Korean. Similar to the New Testament, let's say one translation leaves out the
name
of his business, another the location, and yet another only puts
in his title. This corresponds to various Gospel authors leaving
out the name: Jesus (Mark & Luke); the
location:
Nazareth (Matthew, Mark & Luke); and leaving out
everything except his title: King of The Jews
(Mark). Common sense itself tells us that he would refuse to accept, much less
pay for, errors of these magnitudes, yet theologians want us to buy into
their
"excuse" for these contradictions, which excuse is clearly shot down by common
sense. If a modern businessman would refuse this kind of poor quality work, how
much more so an ancient despot such as Pilate ruling a county with a fist of
iron???
SPEAK WHERE THE BIBLE SPEAKS:
When "the Lord" said what was on that sign, that would have
incorporated, taken into account, all the languages it was written in.
Therefore, it must have said the exact same thing in all three languages -OR-
Biblegod doesn't have the I.Q. to know how to translate.
NO ROOM FOR ERRORS: The purpose of this exercise was to show you that the
gospel stories contain at least some untruths, some little lies.
These gospel writers obviously didn’t
know what
was on that sign, IF there even WAS a sign, so they made up out of thin air what was lacking by guessing the best they could, as historians back
then were wont to do. But Fundies don’t claim these gospel writers to be mere
mortal historians, oh no! Fundies claim that every burp and fart which
exited these ancient windbags was of divine origin, under the direction
of Joe Hovah himself. If that’s the case, there is no room for any errors,
regardless of how small. The FACT that we DO see these errors proves that no
infallible god or goddess authored them.
LITTLE LIES Þ BIGGER LIES:
In actuality these Gospel writers show the world that if they could so easily
lie about this small sign, they could just as well lie about a much bigger
“sign”: the sign of the resurrection, the “sign of Jonah” (Matthew 16:4).
According to Jesus (Lk 16:10), if you can’t trust these writers in
small matters like a sign (and I
have shown that you can’t), neither can you trust them in large matters, like resurrections.
Or, as the Jewish Talmud says,
“Testimony that is invalidated
in part is invalidated entirely”#1
I have shown where these gospel writers have lied.
Jesus and the Jewish Talmud both agree that if a person lies in a small thing,
if his testimony is invalidated in just a part, his entire
testimony should be thrown out. Based upon this, all four gospels,
along with their supernatural claims of people walking on water and zombies
walking out of graves should be thrown out as BAD EVIDENCE.
CHRISTIAN SPIN-CONTROL: Of course, a full-time professional Christian
nit-picker such as Dr. Gleason Archer#2
has had time to dream up an “explanation” for this sign problem: after all, it’s
his job- it’s what he gets paid for! However, his far-fetched “explanation”
comes off sounding as truthful as a tobacco scientist explaining how cigarettes
really are good for you. He even
freely admits on his own that he’s grasping at straws as evidenced by his
liberal use of the following
phrases: “quite conceivable... may have... this
could account for... a reasonable
supposition.” It’s another typical Inerrantist’s contorted & distorted
pretzeling of problems into far-fetched “could have been / what if”
OJ type scenarios. However, his “grasping at straws” will turn out one
straw too short, as I’ll show.
|
THE OLD SHELL GAME: His “explanation” comes off like the
classic “Shell Game” hucksters have used for ages. Here goes… The single sign contained three (3) languages.
ASSUME that each one of the three (3) languages contained different details than the other
two (2) remaining languages.
ASSUME that each of the four (4) gospel authors picked one (1) language
out of a possible total of three (3) languages to pick from. Then assume this accounts for the four (4) variations scattered
among the four (4) gospel authors. (Are you confused yet? That’s the
point! This is a shell game, and he’s counting on your being confused in
order for him to intellectually scam you.) |

|
|

|
MUSICAL CHAIRS: His
problem: Musical chairs. His problem is the childhood game called Musical
Chairs. You see, there are four (4) gospels looking for chairs but only
three (3) chairs (languages) to sit in. It is therefore 100% physically
impossible for his “explanation” to be true, and I challenge him or anyone
else to prove me wrong. There are four (4) gospel authors with four (4)
different versions of the sign. EVEN IF he were right (which he’s not, but I
don’t want to bore you with further details), it would only get three (3) of
the gospel fictions off the hook. That still leaves #4 hanging in the wind
looking for a chair! Four (4) gospel versions divided amongst
three (3) languages equals (1) ONE still left unaccounted for. His jive,
contrived, contorted, distorted “explanation” is, as I’ve said, ONE STRAW
(or chair), TOO SHORT!!!! |
CONCLUSION:
The four gospels can’t seem to agree as to what the sign actually
said. They can’t all be right while contradicting each other (a
proof of their being UNinspired), and therefore logic demands that at
least 3 out of the 4 gospels are
incorrect. In other words, the authors out-and-out
lied
about what was on that sign. This is a fact that has been establish beyond a
reasonable doubt by the contradictions. Therefore it is also a fact that the
Bible isn’t perfect, the Bible is flawed, the Bible isn’t inerrant. The “inspired” confusion over the sign
is a sure sign that these authors were not inspired.
1) Mythology’s Last Gods, William Harwood, Prometheus, NY, p. 94.
2) Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties, Gleason Archer, Zondervan,
Grand Rapids, 1982, pp 345-346
*****************
The Four
Language Hypothesis
Gleason Archer has apparently added to his bag of "any excuse will do"
theology when it comes to trying to explain away contradictions. This latest
work of art is produced below, from the CARM website.
| CHRISTIAN
APOLOGETICS
&
RESEARCH
MINISTRY
www.carm.org |
|
What was written on the sign on the cross?
Matthew 27:37; Mark 15:26; Luke
23:38; John 19:19
-
(Matthew
27:37) - "And set up over his head his accusation written,
THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS."
-
(Mark
15:26) - "And the superscription of his accusation was
written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS."
-
(Luke
23:38) - "And a superscription also was written over him in
letters of Greek, and Latin, and
Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS."
-
(John
19:19) - "And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the
cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE
JEWS. 20This title then read many of the Jews: for the
place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was
written in Hebrew,
and Greek, and Latin."
The Inscription above the
cross of Christ was written in four different languages:
Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Latin. We see this when we look at
Luke 23:38 and
John 19:20.
Luke 23:38 clearly states it was written in Greek, Latin, and
Hebrew. In John the word for "Hebrew" is hebraisti. "John
19:20 uses for this the adverbial form Hebraisti, which in
gospel usage did not mean "in Hebrew" but in the Jewish dialect of
Aramaic. We know this because wherever Hebraisti is used
elsewhere, as in
John 5:2;
19:13,17;
20:16,
the word is given in its Aramaic form, transcribed into Greek
letters," (Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties, Gleason Archer,
page 346).
|
|
http://www.carm.org/diff/Mark15_26.htm |
It was weird reading the above from Gleason Archer- a sense of dejavu came
over me. This new one reads like his previous gobbledygook "explanation" (the
one I tore apart in the first essay on this page). Once again I am left with the
impression that Acher's goal in life is not to clarify
the Bible, but obfuscate, in order to confuse people to the point
where they THINK, but aren't sure, they've had their question answered. It is
also obvious from the way he can cook up multiple contrived "explanations" that
he is of the opinion that any excuse which gets his inerrancy off
the hook will do. It's something like O.J. Simpson's attorneys passionately
arguing to the jury that he was in Paris
the week of the Brentwood murders, then just as passionately, a few days later,
arguing he was in Tokyo that week. Well, which "explanation" is
it? It doesn't really matter, does it- just as long as you get your client (O.J.
or the Bible) off the hook. And even though none
of the verses that Archer himself chose to quote mentions four languages, four
languages is what Archer walks away with. The verses specifically call
out only three languages, yet Archer pulls forth a fourth one from
his magic theological hat! Amazing! Gleason Archer's math never fails to
astound. For a religion that preaches we should all strive to be honest, why do
Archer's fellow Christians tolerate his flagrant intellectual DIS-honesty over
and over? This sort of immoral behavior, and the tolerance for it as long as it
supports their side, disgusts me.
The first thing needed while dealing with an Archer "explanation" is a
translation. Since he deliberately writes to confuse people, no one can deal
with his raw material. It's like Alan Greenspan speaking- it has to be filtered
and translated before we can deal with it. So that is what I will attempt at
first- a translation. If I fail to correctly translate, don't blame me- he
should have done a better job writing it in the first place.
|
Gleason Archer's
Argument
As Translated by Mark
Smith |
|
The Number
of Languages on the cross sign: 4
The sign on the cross was written in four languages
- Greek
- Latin
- Hebrew
- Aramaic
Because...
Luke 23:38
states it was written in
- Greek
- Latin
- Hebrew
John 19:20
states it was written in
- Greek
- Latin
- Hebrew
|
|
The word
"hebrew" means "aramaic"
"Hebrew" from word "Hebraisti"
"Hebraisti" = "Aramaic"
Therefore, "Hebrew" = "Aramaic"
"Hebraisti" = "Aramaic" because:
Hebraisti: always in Aramaic form.
Hebraisti: always transcribed into Greek letters.
Examples of the above:
John 5:2
John 19:13
John 19:17
John 20:16
|
|
Gleason Archer's
Argument
As Rebutted by Mark
Smith |
|
The Number of
Languages on the cross sign: 4
The sign on the cross was written in
four
languages
- Greek
- Latin
- Hebrew
- Aramaic
Because...
Luke 23:38
states it was written in
1. Greek
2.
Latin
3.
Hebrew
John 19:20
states it was written in
1. Greek
2.
Latin
3.
Hebrew
Mark Smith's Rebuttal:
Gleason needs to go back to school and "gleen" how to add. If I have to
even elaborate on Gleason's screw up here, you the reader need to do the
following:
LEFT HAND: hold up 4
fingers. These represent the number of languages Archer claims were on
the sign.
RIGHT HAND: hold up 3
fingers. These represent the number of languages mentioned in the
verses Archer cited.
Now, go to someone who
passed first grade math, and ask them if the number of fingers being
held up on the LEFT HAND is equal to the number of fingers being held
up on the RIGHT HAND. If they are NOT equal, then Gleason Archer is
either an idiot, or a dishonest theologian.
It needs to be pointed out
that part of Gleason's problem may be just a disagreement over what the
text actually says, especially regarding Luke 23:38. I did a comparison
of various translations for the two verses mentioned by Gleason-
something maybe he never took the time for.
Luke 23:38
Out of 22 versions I could get ahold of, I found 13 translations
(scroll down or click
LUKE 23:38 Various Bible Versions
) that have NO reference whatsoever to the particular language the sign
may have been written in, and 9 that do. It is obvious that there
is a BIG disagreement going on here among the Bible translators.
Possibly there is some problem with the ancient Greek texts. Possibly
Biblegod wanted to confuse Christians so messed up his own text.
Whatever the cause, it is NOT good practice to build a theology or
argument on such a disputed and shaky text. Why Gleason would do so is
beyond me.
John 19:20
I consulted 22 translations (scroll down or click
John 19:20 Various Bible Versions
) on this verse. All these
verses specify what language the sign was written in. Of the 22, only 3
mentioned Aramaic in place of Hebrew. As it has already been pointed
out, by scholars I quoted below (scroll down) and even Gleason himself,
since "Hebrew" is interchangeable with "Aramaic" all these translations
agree that the sign was written in only THREE languages:
- Greek
- Latin
- Hebrew, otherwise
known as Aramaic
One must not get confused.
Calling the Hebrew language by a different name and thinking it was
therefore a different language, is like thinking "Bob Ingersol" and
"Robert Ingersol" are two separate men, or that President Richard Nixon
and President Dick Nixon were two separate presidents. In other words,
back then "Hebrew" was just another name for "Aramaic". In the words of
scripture, the "two are one."
|
|
The word
"hebrew" means "aramaic"
"Hebrew" from word "Hebraisti"
"Hebraisti" = "Aramaic"
Therefore, "Hebrew" = "Aramaic"
Mark Smith's Rebuttal:
Well, if "Hebrew" = "Aramaic", then we can substitute "Aramaic" whenever
we see the word "Hebrew". Therefore, when Luke 23:38 or John 19:20 says
the sign was in:
1) Greek
2) Latin
3)
Hebrew
We can just as easily say
the sign was in:
1) Greek
2) Latin
3)
Aramaic
Seeing how Hebrew and
Aramaic are the same thing, as far as the N.T. authors are concerned.
Either way, you STILL end up with THREE (3) LANGUAGES, not four, as
Archer claims, unless Archer has made a mistake similar to thinking that
American English is somehow a separate language from United States
English.
Many scholars believe that
when the ancient New Testament authors wrote that such-and-such a phrase
or writing was "in Hebrew" what they meant was "in Aramaic", as Aramaic
had so well replaced the Hebrew language by the time of Jesus (For a
more in-depth study of the word "Hebraisti" scroll down or click here:
HEBRAISTI
). Therefore, if the New Testament were to speak of a sign written in
Hebrew, and later of the same sign in Aramaic, they are speaking of the
same language, just calling said language by two different names. Maybe
Archer has gotten confused on this point and thinks "Aha! Two more
languages to add to the two already on the sign, that makes FOUR!".
"Hebraisti" = "Aramaic" because:
Hebraisti: always in Aramaic form.
Hebraisti: always transcribed into Greek letters.
Examples of the above:
John 5:2
John 19:13
John 19:17
John 20:16
|
LUKE 23:38 Various Bible Versions
No Mention of Which Language Sign Written In
Revised Standard Version:
There was also an inscription over him, "This is the King of the Jews."
American Standard Version:
And there was also a superscription over him, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
New American Standard Version:
Now there was also an inscription above Him, "This is the King of the Jews."
The Net Bible:
There was also an inscription over him, “This is the king of the Jews.”
Today's English Version:
Above him were written these words: “This is the king of the Jews.”
The Message Version:
Printed over him was a sign: “This is the king of the Jews.”
The New English Bible:
There was an inscription above his head which ran: “This is the king of the
Jews.”
Smith & Goodspeed:
For there was a notice above his head: “This is the king of the Jews!”
Phillips Version:
For there was a placard over his head which read, “This is the king of the
Jews.”
New World Translation:
There was also an inscription over him: “This is the king of the Jews.”
New Living Translation:
A signboard was nailed to the cross above him with these words: “This is the
King of the Jews.”
The Living Bible:
A signboard was nailed to the cross above him with these words: “This is the
King of the Jews.”
The Scholar's Version:
There was also this sign over him: This is the King of the Judeans.
Language of Sign Mentioned
The Amplified Bible:
For there was also an inscription above Him in letters of Greek and Latin
and Hebrew, This is the King of the Jews.
NOTE from the Amplified Bible:
Italics indicate certain familiar words or passages found in the King James
Version, but generally omitted now because they are not adequately
supported by more recent scholarship. (Amp. Bible Intro.)
NOTE from Mark Smith:
What this means is that better and more recent scholarship has learned
that the listing of the languages was a bogus add-on to the Bible. If
this is what Archer is basing his argument on- bogus add-on's, please
don't take him too seriously.
International Standard Version:
There was also an inscription over him written in
Greek, Latin, and Hebrew: “This is the King of the Jews.”
Darby Version:
And there was also an inscription written over him in Greek, and
Roman, and Hebrew letters: This is the King of the Jews.
King James Version:
And a superscription also was
written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE
KING OF THE JEWS.
King James Version, With Strong's
Numbers:
And <1161> a superscription <1923> also <2532> was <2258> (5713) written
<1125> (5772) over <1909> him <846> in letters <1121> of Greek <1673>, and
<2532> Latin <4513>, and <2532> Hebrew <1444>, THIS <3778> IS <2076> (5748)
THE KING <935> OF THE JEWS <2453>.
21st Century King James Version:
And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and
Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
New King James Version:
And a superscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek and Latin
and Hebrew: THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
Weymouth's Version:
And a superscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek and Latin
and Hebrew: THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
Young's Literal Translation:
And a superscription also was written over Him in letters of Greek and Latin
and Hebrew: THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
John 19:20 Various Bible Versions
King James Version:
This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was
crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and
Greek, and
Latin.
The Amplified Version:
And many of the Jews read this
title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was
written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek.
The Scholar's Version:
Many of the Judeans saw the notice, since Jesus was crucified near the city
and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
21st Century King James Version:
Then many of the Jews read this
title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city, and it
was written in Hebrew and Greek and Latin.
Darby Version:
Then many of the Jews read this
title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city, and it
was written in Hebrew and Greek and Latin.
Revised Standard Version:
Many of the Jews
read this title, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city;
and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek.
American Standard Version:
This title therefore read many of the Jews, for the place where Jesus was
crucified was nigh to the city; and it was written in Hebrew, and in
Latin, and in Greek.
New King James Version:
Then many of the Jews read this title, for the place where Jesus was
crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and
Latin.
Weymouth Version:
Many of the Jews read this notice,
for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the notice
was in three languages--Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
Young's Literal Translation:
This title, therefore, read many of the Jews, because the place was nigh to
the city where Jesus was crucified, and it was having been written in
Hebrew, in Greek, in Roman.
The Living Bible:
The place where Jesus was crucified
was near the city; and the signboard was written in Hebrew, Latin, and
Greek, so that many people read it.
New Living Translation:
The place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and the sign was
written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, so that many people could read it.
New World Translation:
Therefore many of the Jews read this title, because the place where Jesus
was impaled was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, in Latin, in
Greek.
Phillips Version:
This placard was read by many of the
Jews because the place where Jesus was crucified was quite near Jerusalem,
and it was written in Hebrew as well as in Latin and Greek.
Smith & Goodspeed:
Many of the Jews read this placard, for the place where Jesus was crucified
was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
The New English Bible:
This inscription was read by many Jews, because the place where Jesus was
crucified was not far from the city, and the inscription was in Hebrew,
Latin, and Greek.
The Net Bible:
Thus many of the Jewish residents of Jerusalem read this notice,
because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the
notice was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek.
The New American Standard Bible:
Therefore this inscription many of the Jews read, for the place where Jesus
was crucified was near the city; and it was written in *Hebrew, Latin, and
in Greek.
*NASB Sidenote: i.e. Jewish
Aramaic
The Message Version:
Many of the Jews read the sign because the place where Jesus was crucified
was right next to the city. It was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
Today's English Version:
Many people read it, because the place where Jesus was crucified was not far
from the city. The notice was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.
The New International Version:
Many of the Jews read this sign, for the place where Jesus was
crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Aramaic, Latin and
Greek.
The Nestle Greek Text:
This therefore title many read of the Jews because near was the place the
city where was crucified Jesus; and it was having been written in Hebrew, in
Latin, in Greek.
HEBRAISTI from John 19:20 & Elsewhere
|
|
Source |
Definition & Notes |
The New Testament Greek Lexicon
(web site) |
Definition: in Hebrew, i.e. in
Chaldee
Translated Words: KJV (6) - in Hebrew, 1;
in the Hebrew, 2; in the Hebrew tongue, 3 NAS (7) -
Hebrew, 7
http://www.studylight.org/lex/grk/view.cgi?number=1447 |
|
Strong's Concordance |
Word #1447 |
IN WHICH LANGUAGE WAS THE NEW TESTAMENT ORIGINALLY WRITTEN?
By Julio Dam
(web site)
|
First of all, Scripture itself says the
language of the Rabbi Yeshua and His disciples was Hebrew. Despite this
scriptural proof, various translations, especially the NIV, has changed
the original Hebraisti (which does not require one to be a Greek scholar
to understand it says "Hebrew") for "Aramaic" (see John 19:13,19; Lk.
23:38; Acts 21:40).
http://a.rn11.com/yh/pu/yhgeouspu.htm |
|
Nestle Greek Text |
ebraisti |
|
Review of
Difficult Words
(web site) |
1)
The Greek expressions “Hebrew” (hebraisti) and “Hebrew language”
(hebraidi dialekto) can definitely be used with reference to Aramaic;
cf., e.g., John 19:17, where the Aramaic place name golgotha' is
identified as “Hebrew” (the Hebrew would have been gulgolet),[xiv]
and note that Philo (and probably also Josephus) can use the Greek
term hebraisti (“Hebrew��) to refer to Aramaic.[xv]
In fact, when Philomeans Hebrew -- including the Hebrew of the Tanakh
-- as opposed to Aramaic, he sometimes speaks of it aschaldaisti, i.e.,
Chaldaic! It is clear,
therefore, that first century Jewish authors could speak of either
Hebrew or Aramaic as “Hebrew” in the sense of “the language of the
Hebrews.”[xvi]
http://www.icnministries.org/Materials/Review_of_Difficult_Words/review_of_difficult_words.htm |
Leksikon IBRANI
(web site)
|
1447 -- Hebraisti
No. Strong: 1447
Kata : Hebraisti
Pengucapan: {heb-rah-is-tee'}
Asal Kata : from 1446
Sumber : TDNT - 3:356,372
Jenis Kata: adv
Dalam AV : in the Hebrew tongue 3, in the Hebrew 2, in Hebrew 1
Jumlah : 6
Definisi :
1) in Hebrew, i.e. in Chaldee
http://www.bit.net.id/SABDA-Web/L/L14b.htm |
|
Strong's
Concordance
(web site) |
adverb from ebraiV - Hebrais
1446; Hebraistically or in the Jewish (Chaldee) language:--in
(the) Hebrew (tongue).
http://www.sacrednamebible.com/kjvstrongs/STRGRK14.htm
http://www.bju.edu/bible/g/1400.html#1447 |
Waganui Church of Christ (New Zealand): Bible Words
(web site) |
ARAMAIC
(Heb.
‘Araamiyt)
Aram, son of Shem (Gen. 10:22-23), founded the nation of Aram,
which was later known as Syria.
The language that developed among these people was Aramaic (rendered
“Syrian” in the KJV).
This language was closely related to Hebrew, having the same alphabet,
but spoken differently (cf. 2 Kings 18:26; Isa. 36:11).
It was used by Laban, the grandson of Abraham’s brother, in
Gen. 31:47. During and
after their exile in Babylon, the Jews gradually adopted the Aramaic
language. While the
majority of the Old Testament was written in Hebrew, portions of
Daniel and Ezra appear to have been written in Aramaic.
By the time of Christ, although the Hebrew tongue continued to
be used among the rabbis in Jerusalem, Aramaic had replaced pure
Hebrew as the everyday language of the Jews in Palestine (cf. Acts
1:19). Jesus probably
spoke both Hebrew (Luke 4:16-19) and Aramaic (Mark 5:41), as well as
the more universally understood
koinê
Greek (Matt. 5:2).
Often when “the Hebrew language” (Hebraisti)
is mentioned in the NT, Aramaic may be intended (John 5:2; 19:13,
17, 20; Acts 21:40; 22:2; 26:14; Rev. 9:11)
http://www.churchofchristwanganui.org.nz/listArt.asp?file=Bible%20Words.htm |
Definitions
(web site) |
<C-1,Adverb,1447,hebraisti>
(or ebraisti, Westcott and Hort) denotes (a) "in Hebrew," Rev. 9:11,
RV (AV, "in the Hebrew tongue"); so Rev. 16:16; (b) in the Aramaic
vernacular of Palestine, John 5:2, AV, "in the Hebrew tongue" (RV, "in
Hebrew"); in John 19:13,17, AV, "in the Hebrew" (RV, "in Hebrew"); in
John 19:20, AV and RV, "in Hebrew;" in John 20:16, RV only, "in Hebrew
http://www.fredshome.com/religion/vine/T0003000.htm
|
Young's Analytical Concordance to The Bible
Robert Young, Eerdmans Pub, Grand Rapids, MI 1970 |
Hebrew (tongue), in the---
Hebraistic:
John 5:2 "which is called in the Hebrew tongue"
John 19:13 "the Pavement, but in the Hebrew"
John 19:17 "which is called in the Hebrew, Golgotha"
John 19:20 "it was written in Hebrew, (and) Greek, and"
Rev. 9:11 "whose name in the Hebrew tongue"
Rev. 16:16 "a place called in the Hebrew tongue"
|
Englishman's Greek Concordance
G.K Gillespie, Zondervan's, Grand Rapids, MI, 1970 |
John 5:2 "called in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda"
John 19:13 "the Pavement, but in the Hebrew, Gabbatha"
John 19:17 "called in the Hebrew, Golgotha"
John 19:20 "written in Hebrew, (and) Greek, and Latin"
Rev. 9:11 "name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon"
Rev. 16:16 "called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon"
|
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon
Joseph Henry Thayer, Associated Publishers, Grand Rapids, MI, 1972 |
In Hebrew, i.e. in Chaldee. Jn v.2, xix 13, 17, 20, Rev
ix 11; xvi 16 |
|
Contact Information for Mark Smith |
|
Set Free!
Orange County,
CA
Email
JCnot4me@aol.com
Web Page
JCnot4me.com |
|
NOTICE: Any and all emails sent
to SET FREE become the property of SET FREE to be used or displayed upon
the web site of SET FREE however SET FREE decides. Views contained in
SET FREE represent the views of the authors. No implicit approval by SET
FREE is to be assumed. |
To view some emailed responses to the above articles, go to...
Responses
to
The Sign on The Cross
|
Contact Information
Set Free!
Orange County,
CA
Email:
JCnot4me@aol.com Web
Page
JCnot4me.com
NOTICE: Any and all emails sent to SET FREE become the
property of SET FREE to be used or displayed upon the web site of
SET FREE however SET FREE decides, but don't worry, your email
address will probably be deleted. Views contained in SET FREE
represent the views of the authors. No implicit approval by SET FREE
is to be assumed. |
|
|